References
Abell, L.L., Levy, B.B., Brodie, BB. & Kendall, FE. (1952). A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and determination of its specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357–366.
Al-Dewachi, O.S. (1999). Some biochemical constituents in the blood serum of pregnant Awassi ewes. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci. 12, 275– 279.
Anoushepour, A., Mottaghian, P. & Sakha, M. (2014). The comparison of some biochemical parameters in hyperketonemic and normal ewes.
Eur. J. Exp. Biol. 4, 83-87.
Bani Ismail, Z.A., Al-Majali, AM. & Amireh, F. (2008). Metabolic profiles in goat does in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Vet. Clin. Path. 37, 434-437.
Bossaert, P., Leroy, J.L., De Campeneere, S., De Vliegher, S. & Opsomer, G. (2009). Differences in the glucose induced insulin response and the peripheral insulin responsiveness between neonatal calves of the Belgian Blue, Holstein-Friesian, and East Flemish breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 4404-4011.
Balikci, E., Yildiz, A. & Gurdogan, F. (2007). Blood metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum in Akkaraman ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 67, 247– 251.
Bauman, D.E. & Currie, W.B. (1980). Partitioning of Nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: A review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and hemeorhesis. J.
Dairy Sci. 63, 1514-1529.
Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. (1994). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, second ed. W. B.
Saunders Com, Philadelphia. pp. 735–888.
Charismiadou, M.A., Bizelis, J.A. & Rogdakis, E. (2000). Metabolic changes during the perinatal period in dairy sheep in relation to level of nutrition and breed. I. Late pregnancy. J. Anim Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 84, 61–72.
Chalmeh, A., Pourjafar, M., Nazifi, S.,
Moomnifar, F. & Mohamadi Cheshmehgol, M. (2016).
Relationships among circulating metabolic biomarkers in healthy high-producing Holstein dairy cows in different physiological states. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. 19, 317-327
Chatterjea, M.N. (2004). Text book of biochemistry for dental, nursing, pharmacy students, Jaypee, New Delhi.
Debras, E., orizard, J., Aina, E., Tesseraud, S., Qlampredon, C. & Amal, M. (1989). Insulin sensitivity and responsiveness during lactation and dry period in goats. Am. J. Physiol. 256, 295-302.
DeFronzo, RA. (1982). Insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and obesity. Int. J. Obesity. 6, 73-82.
Dunlop, RH. (2004). Pathophysiology of homeostatic and toxic disorders; In Veterinary Pathophysiology.
Dunlop, R.H, Malbert, C.H, (Eds.), Black well Publishing, pp. 478-489.
Duehlmeier, R., Fluegge, I., Schwert, B., Parvizi, N. & Ganter, M. (2011). Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and lactation in German Blackheaded Mutton and Finn sheep ewes with different susceptibilities topregnancy toxaemia. Small Rumin. Res. 96, 178–184.
Edmondson, M.A. & Pugh, DG. (2009). Pregnancy toxemia in sheep and goats. In: Current veterinary therapy food animal practice. Anderson, D.E, Rings, D.M,
Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 144145.
Eshratkhah, B., Sadaghian, M., Eshratkhah, S., Pourrabbi, S. & Najafian, K. (2010). Relationship between the blood thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Moghani sheep, influence of age and sex. Comp. Clin. Path. 19, 15–
20.
Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. & Fredrickson, D.S. (1972).
Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499–502.
Faulkner, A. & Pollock, H.T. (1990).
Metabolic responses to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia in lactating and non-lactating sheep in vivo. J. Endocrinol. 124, 59-66.
Firat, A. & Ozpinar, A. (2002). Metabolic profile of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and early lactation in multiple lambing Sakiz ewes. 1. Changes in plasma glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate and cortisol levels. Ann. Nutr.
Metab. 46, 57–61.
Ford, E.J., Evans, J. & Robinosn, I. (1990). Cortisol in pregnancy toxemia of sheep. Br. Vet. J. 146, 539–542.
Graulet, B., Gruffat, D., Durand, D. & Bauchart, D. (1998). Fatty acid metabolism and very low density lipoprotein secretion in liver slices from rats and preruminant calves. J. Biochem. 124, 1212-1219.
Grum, D.E., Drackley, J.K., Younker, R.S., LaCount, D.W. & Veenhuizen, J.J. (1996). Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism
of periparturient dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 79, 1850-1864.
Hamadeh, M.E., Bostedt, H. & Failing, K. (1996). Concentration of metabolic parameters in the blood of heavily pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. Berl. Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 109, 81–86.
Hart, I.C. (1973). Effect of 2-bromo-aergocrytine on milk yield and the level of prolactin and growth hormone in the blood of the goat. J.
Endocrinol. 57, 179-180.
Hefnawy, A., Shousha, S. & Youssef, S. (2011). Hematobiochemical profile of pregnant and experimentally pregnancy toxemic goats. J. Basic Appl. Chem. 1, 65-69.
Herdt, T.H. & Gerloff, B.J. (2009). Ketosis. In: Current Veterinary Therapy Food Animal Practice. Anderson, D.E, Rings, D.M, (Eds.),
Saunders, St. Louis, 5th ed. pp. 141144.
Ibrahim, RE., Maglad, M.A., Adam, S.E.I., Mirghani, TE. & Wasfi, I.A. (1984). The effect of altered thyroid status on lipid metabolism in Nubian goats. Com. Biochem.
Physiol. B. 77, 507–512.
Jacquemet, N. & Prigge, E.C. (1991). Effect of increased postmilking prolactin concentrations on lactation, plasma metabolites, and pancreatic hormones in lactation goats. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 109-114.
Kahn, C.R. (1978). Insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and insulin unresponsiveness: a necessary distinction. Metabolism. 12, 18931902.
Kiani, A., Nielsen, M.O. & Chwalibog, A.
(2011). Late gestational undernutrition alters plasma IGF-1 concentration during subsequent lactation in ewe. Agric. Conspec Sci. 76, 361-364.
Lacetera, N., Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B. & Nardone, A. (2001). Effects of subclinical pregnancy toxemia on immune response in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 62, 1446.
Lewis, G.F., Carpentier, A., Adeli, K. & Giacca, A. (2002). Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr. Rev.
23, 201-229.
McCann, J.P. & Reimers, T.J. (1986). Effects of obesity on insulin and glucose metabolism in cyclic heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 772-782.
McCann, J.P. & Bergman, E.N. (1988). Endocrine and metabolic factors in obesity, In: Aspects of Digestive Physiology in Ruminants. Dobson, A., Dobson, M.J, (Eds.), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
McGowan, M.W., Artiss, J.D., Strandbergh, D.R. & Zak, B. (1983). A peroxidase coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum
triglycerides. Clin. Chem. 29, 538– 542.
Moghaddam, G. & Hassanpour, A. (2008). Comparison of blood serum glucose, beta hydroxybutyric acid, blood urea nitrogen and calciumconcentrations in pregnant and lambed ewes. J. Anim. Vet.
Adv. 7, 308–311.
Nazifi, S., Saeb, M. & Ghavami, S.M. (2002). Serum lipid profile in Iranian fat-tailed sheep in late pregnancy, at parturition and during the postparturition period. J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med.
49, 9–12.
Plaut, K., Bauman, D.E., Agergaard, N. & Akers, R.M. (1987). Effect of exogenous prolactin on lactational performance of dairy cows.
Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 4, 279-
90.
Pullen, D.L., Palmquist, DL. & Emery, R.S. (1989). Effect on days of lactation and methionine hydroxy analog on incorporation of plasma fatty acids into plasma
triglycerides. J. Dairy Sci. 72, 49-
58.
Ramin, A.G., Asri, S. & Majdani, R. (2005). Correlations among serum glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea concentrations in non-pregnant ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 57, 265– 269.
Raoofi, A., Jafarian, M., Safi, S. & Vatankhah, M. (2013). Fluctuations in energy-related metabolites during the peri-parturition period in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 109, 64–68.
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W. & Constable, P.D. (2007). Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep,
Pigs, Goats and Horses, W.B. Saunders Co, London, 10th Ed.
Robinson, J.J. (1980). Energy requirements of ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. Vet. Rec. 106, 282– 284.
Roubies, N., Polizopoulou, Z., Minas, A., & Papasteriadis, A. (2017). A pre- and postpartum study of selected biochemical parameters in ewes for the early detection of pregnancy toxemia. J. Hell. Vet. Med. 54, 11-
20.
Sahoo, SS., Patra, R.C., Behera, PC. & Swarup, D. (2009). Oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from lactating cows after treatment for subclinical ketosis with antioxidant incorporated in the therapeutic regime. Vet. Res. Commun. 33, 281-290.
Saicic, Z.S., Mijalovic, DN., Nikolic, AL. & Blagojevic, S.M.B. (2006). Effect of thyroxine on antioxidant defense system in the liver of rats of different age. Physiol. Res. 55, 561-568.
Sartin, JL., Cummins, K.A., Kemppainen, R.J., Marple, D.N., Rahe, C.H. & Williams, I.C. (1985). Glucagon, insulin, and growth hormone responses to glucose infusion in lactating dairy cows. Am. J.
Physiol. 248, 108-114.
Sartin, JL., Kemppaben, R.J., Cllmminn, K.A. & Williams, J.C. (1988). Plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones in high and low producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71, 650-657.
Seifi, H.A., Gorji-Dooz, M., Mohri, M., Dalirnaghadeh, B. & Farzaneh, N. (2007). Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows. Comp. Clin. Path. 16, 253-258.
Sosa, C., Abecia, J.A., Forcada, F., Vinoles, C., Tasende, C., Valares, J.A., Palacin, I., Martin, GB. & Meikle, A. (2006). Effect of undernutrition on uterine progesterone and oestrogen receptors and endocrine profiles during the ovine oestrous cycle. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 447-458.
Taherpour, N. & Mirzaei, F. (2012). Wool characteristics of crossbred Baghdadi wild ram and Iran native sheep. Agricultural Sciences. 3, 184-186.
Takarkhede, R.C., Gondane, V.S., Kolte, A.Y. & Rekhate, D.H. (1999). Biochemical profile during different phases of reproduction in ewes in comparison to rams. Indian Vet. J. 76, 205–207.
Taghipour, B., Seifi, H.A., Mohri, M., Farzaneh, N. & Naserian, A.
(2010). Variations of energy related biochemical metabolites during periparturition period in fat-tailed Baloochi breed sheep. I. J. V. S. T. 2, 85-92.
Watson, T.D.G., Burns, L., Packard, C.J. & Shepherd, J. (1993). Effects of pregnancy and lactation on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, lipoprotein composition and post-heparin lipase activities in Shetland pony mares. J.
Reprod. Fertil. 97, 563-568.
Wallace, J.M., Bourke, D.A., Aitken, R.P. & Cruickshank, M.A. (1999). Switching maternal dietary intake at the end of the first trimester has profound effects on placental development and fetal growth in adolescent ewes carrying single fetuses. Biol. Reprod. 61, 101-110.
Wasfi, I.A., Hafez, A.M., Tayeb, F.M.A., Taher, A.Y., el-Tayeb, F.M.A. & eI-Taher, A.Y. (1987). Thyroid hormones, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the camel. Res. Vet. Sci. 42, 418.
West, H.J. (1996). Maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy in sheep. Its relationship to maternal condition, gestation length, hepatic physiology and glucose metabolism. Br. J. Nutr. 75, 593– 605.
)